Impact of ChatGPT on High School Grade Point Average: A Comparative Study by Subject, School Type, and Socioeconomic Factors

This review aims to investigate the influence of AI tools, particularly ChatGPT, on high school students’ academic performance and related factors. AI has become increasingly used in education due to its capacity to enhance personalized learning and automate feedback. Its effectiveness varies depending on school type, socioeconomic factors, and the readiness of teachers and students. AI tools contributed to GPA improvements, especially for students with limited skills, though learning outcomes were influenced by school support, teacher engagement, and family and peer influences. Private schools with better infrastructure and teacher training presented more academic gains than public schools. Socioeconomic disparities, including family income and parental education, significantly affected students’ ability to use AI tools effectively. Peer influence also affected students’ perceptions and usage patterns, with collaborative and peer-led environments enhancing responsible use and engagement. While AI supports learning, overreliance must be avoided as it can deteriorate originality and lead to superficial understanding. By advocating for inclusive policies, teacher training, and longitudinal research, AI tools can be more effectively integrated, fostering human-centered and transformative educational experiences ethically and equitably.