Integrating Philosophy into STEM Education: A Global Perspective

The integration of philosophical principles into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education enhances critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and holistic learning. As science and technology rapidly reshape modern life, STEM education has evolved to enhance the technical proficiency and humanistic and reflective understanding of students. This review article explores the theoretical rationale and practices behind integrating philosophy into STEM education by comparing the cases in South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Finland. The results highlight strategies and policy frameworks to support interdisciplinary education. In addition to discussing challenges such as teacher training and assessment reform, future pathways are proposed to implement philosophical content into STEM curricula. Through the integration of philosophy in STEM education, educators and policymakers can better prepare students for the ethical and societal dimensions of science and technology.