Water Rocket Theory and Experiment: Bridging Ideal Models and Real Results in STEM Education

This study aims to examine the theoretical principles and experimental outcomes of water rocket launches as an engaging educational tool for elementary to middle school students. While water rockets are used to effectively demonstrate fundamental physics and engineering concepts, discrepancies are often observed between theoretical models and observed experimental results, which must be explained to help students accurately understand the related theory. In this study, the underlying causes of these differences, including unsteady flow, pressure loss, and internal forces, were explored, and key parameters influencing rocket acceleration and performance were identified. By comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data, the results of this study provide a basis for students to understand the complexities of real-world physics and engineering challenges and contribute to the development of STEM education by offering a realistic approach to water rocket experiments. They can also be used for discussion to enhance the students’ critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and iterative design ability in engineering.